Esra's information base: Thanks to the efforts of Ma'araj Institute of Jurisprudence and Principles, and Isra's International Publishing Center, a valuable book on the translation of the Thubut Al-Hilal has been published.

Proofing the crescent, which is defined as the first lunar month, is when the crescent is seen or can be seen, and this also depends on various astronomical, atmospheric, and jurisprudential factors and conditions. This issue is important in the teachings of Islam and its importance is not only for some months like the holy month of Ramadan; Rather, many Islamic rulings such as Hajj, the sanctity of early fighting in the forbidden months, the sanctity of fasting Eid al-Fitr and Eid al-Adha, the desirability of fasting on the 13th, 14th, and 15th days of the month, which are called the days of al-Bayd, and the desirability of fasting in Mubaat and the like. It is related to the lunar months and its proof.

Considering that the beginning of the lunar month begins with the sighting of the crescent moon, this issue has been discussed in jurisprudence and astronomy since the beginning of Islam and has been a part of the two sciences. Great jurists have discussed this issue and many astronomers and scholars have also made efforts to find rules for predicting the time of the beginning of the lunar months. Hazrat Ayatollah Javadi Amoli (Dam Zaleh Al-Ali) is one of these jurists and scholars who has done scientific research on this issue.

The present book, which is the result of Grand Ayatollah Javadi Amoli's efforts in this matter, is extracted from a part of the lessons of His Eminence in the seminary of Qom with the method of argumentative jurisprudence. Of course, according to the occasions that have arisen, in different places, to the extent necessary, astronomical principles and atmospheric influencing factors in the confirmation of the crescent have also been discussed. This book is the effort of some researchers of Fiqh and Principles Research Institute of Ma'araj Research Institute; Hajjaj Islam by Mehdi Sohrabi, Yadullah Moghdisi and Hossein Azadi was organized in an introduction and three parts:

In the general introduction, the concepts such as the crescent, the crescent, proofing the crescent, the factors affecting the proof of the crescent, including astronomical and atmospheric phenomena, and jurisprudential foundations, as well as the importance and necessity and the background of the discussion, have been discussed. The first part of the book deals with the ways of proving the crescent in three chapters. The first chapter is dedicated to the ways accepted by the jurists to prove the crescent moon, and there are six ways to prove the first month (obligatory sighting, frequency, useful knowledge, passing thirty days or thirty nights from the first month, evidence of Sharia and ruling ruling). which are discussed here using the sources and foundations of jurisprudence. A review of mass media credibility is also included in this chapter. In the second chapter, the considered ways to prove the crescent have been examined, which are as follows: the words of the astrologers, the setting of the moon after twilight, the sighting of the crescent on the thirtieth day of the month, counting or adding five days. In the third chapter, overcast and cloudy months have been investigated.

The second part of the book has three chapters and it discusses the problem of the horizon in the proof of the crescent. In the first chapter, the amount of validity of seeing in one point for other points of the earth has been discussed. In the second chapter, the scope of Afaq and Union and their differences have been examined. In the third chapter, the sighting of the crescent moon and the horizon of the cities are discussed with a topical view.

The third part is arranged in two chapters, which is dedicated to some issues related to the proof of the crescent moon. In the first chapter, the ruling of the month of Ramadan for captives and prisoners, etc., who cannot normally recognize the first month, has been discussed. In the second chapter of prayer and fasting, the unconventional places and conditions of the earth - the polar regions of the earth where the phenomena related to religious times and the sighting of the crescent moon are unusual compared to other regions - have been investigated.

This book, which has also been translated into Arabic, was published in the spring of 1401 in both Persian and Arabic by Asra Publishing House.

For preparation and more information, refer to the website of the International Isra Publishing Center at www.nashresra.ir.

Ma'araj Institute of Revelatory Sciences

 Research Institute of Jurisprudence and Principles